Guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mugusenya ingirabuzimafatizo no kurekura ibintu bidasanzwe.Ihame ryakazi ryo kumena ingirabuzimafatizo rishingiye ku ihame ryo kumena umubiri no kunyeganyega kwa mashini, kandi intego yo kumena selile igerwaho mugutanga ingufu zihagije zo gusenya imiterere ya selile.
Ihame ryakazi ryimikorere ya selile rizatangizwa muburyo burambuye hepfo.Ibice byingenzi bigize akajagari ka selile harimo kugenzura umuvuduko, icyumba cyo kumenagura, umupira ujanjagura hamwe numuyoboro wicyitegererezo, nibindi. Muri byo, umugenzuzi wihuta akoreshwa mugucunga umuvuduko wikizunguruka cyicyumba gisya, kikaba ari kontineri yo kubika ibyitegererezo hamwe no kumenagura imipira, hamwe nudupira twajanjagura tumena selile muguhura nicyitegererezo.Mbere yo gukoresha selile ihungabanya, uburyo bukwiye bwo guhungabana bugomba guhitamo mbere.Ibitangazamakuru bisanzwe bikubita ni amasaro yikirahure, amasaro yicyuma namasaro ya quartz.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi muguhitamo uburyo bwo guhonyora ni imiterere yicyitegererezo n'intego yo guhonyora.Kurugero, kuri selile zoroshye, amasaro mato y'ibirahure arashobora gukoreshwa muguhungabana;kuri selile nyinshi zigoye, amasaro akomeye arashobora gutoranywa.Mugihe cyo kumenagura, shyira icyitegererezo kugirango ujanjagurwe mumase, hanyuma wongeremo urugero rukwiye rwo kumenagura.Hanyuma, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka wicyumba cyo kumenagura ugenzurwa numuyobozi wihuta, kuburyo uburyo bwo kumenagura hamwe nicyitegererezo bikomeza kugongana.Izi mpanuka zirashobora guhungabanya imiterere ya selile binyuze mu guhererekanya ingufu, gusenya uturemangingo na selile, no kurekura ibikoresho bidasanzwe.
Igikorwa cyakazi cyo guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo gikubiyemo ahanini ibintu byingenzi bikurikira: umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, ubunini nubucucike bwikubitiro, igihe cyo guhonyora hamwe nubushyuhe.Iya mbere ni umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka.Guhitamo umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka bigomba guhinduka ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye bwimikorere hamwe nicyitegererezo.
Muri rusange, kuri selile yoroshye, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka urashobora gutoranywa kugirango wongere inshuro zo kugongana bityo uhungabanye selile neza.Kuri selile zikomeye, kubera ko zikomeye, umuvuduko wa spin urashobora kugabanuka kugirango ugabanye icyitegererezo.
Iya kabiri ni ubunini n'ubucucike bwo guhonyora.Ingano n'ubucucike bw'imashini isya bizagira ingaruka ku buryo bwo guhonyora.Ibitangazamakuru bito bitesha umutwe birashobora gutanga ingingo nyinshi zo kugongana, byoroshye guhagarika imiterere ya selile.Itangazamakuru rinini ryo kumenagura risaba igihe kirekire.
Byongeye kandi, ubucucike bwikubitiro buzagira ingaruka no ku mbaraga zo kugongana, hejuru cyane ubucucike bushobora gutuma gucikamo ibice bikabije.Igihe cyo guhungabana nikintu cyingenzi cyo guhagarika selile.Guhitamo igihe cyo guhonyora bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo n'ingaruka zo guhonyora.Mubisanzwe, igihe kinini cyo guhungabana, niko selile zirahagarara, ariko birashobora no kwangiza ibindi bice byicyitegererezo.Icya nyuma ni ukugenzura ubushyuhe.Ingaruka yubushyuhe kumacakubiri ntishobora kwirengagizwa.Ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora gutera gutandukanya poroteyine na acide nucleic aside mu ngirabuzimafatizo, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku gucikamo ibice.Kubwibyo, birasabwa gukora ihungabana rya selile mubihe bya cryogenic, bishobora kugabanuka ukoresheje chiller cyangwa ikorera kurubura.
Abahagarika ingirabuzimafatizo bafite uruhare runini mubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima.Mugucunga neza ibipimo nkumuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, ingano nubucucike bwo guhonyora hagati, guhonyora igihe nubushyuhe, guhonyora neza ingirabuzimafatizo birashobora kugerwaho.Ingirabuzimafatizo zimaze kumeneka, ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu muri selile burashobora kuboneka, nka poroteyine, acide nucleique, enzymes, nibindi, bitanga ingingo yingenzi yo gusesengura no gukora ubushakashatsi.Muri make, guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo nigikoresho cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi, kandi ihame ryakazi rishingiye ku ihame ryo kumena umubiri no kunyeganyega.Guhagarika neza ingirabuzimafatizo birashobora kugerwaho mugucunga ibipimo bitandukanye nkumuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, ingano nubucucike bwihungabana hagati, igihe cyo guhungabana nubushyuhe.Guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo bikoreshwa cyane, bitanga ubworoherane ninkunga kubashakashatsi mubushakashatsi bujyanye na biologiya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-06-2023